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A mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA or MCRA) [1] or aldosterone antagonist, is a diuretic drug which antagonizes the action of aldosterone at mineralocorticoid receptors. This group of drugs is often used as adjunctive therapy, in combination with other drugs, for the management of chronic heart failure .
Aldosterone stimulates Na + and water reabsorption from the gut, salivary and sweat glands in exchange for K +. Aldosterone stimulates secretion of H + via the H+/ATPase in the intercalated cells of the cortical collecting tubules; Aldosterone upregulates expression of NCC in the distal convoluted tubule chronically and its activity acutely. [18]
Mall Image Location Gross floor area Opened Number of shops City Island Group 1 SM Mall of Asia: Pasay: Luzon 589,891 m 2: 2006 3,500+ 2 SM North EDSA: Quezon City: Luzon 497,213 m 2 [2] 1985 1,000+ 3 SM Megamall: Mandaluyong: Luzon 474,225 m 2 [3] 1991 900+ 4 SM Seaside City: Cebu City: Visayas 470,486 m 2 [4] 2015 700+ 5 Festival Mall ...
The inactivating mutation leads to elevated local concentrations of cortisol in the aldosterone sensitive tissues like the kidney. Cortisol at high concentrations can cross-react and activate the mineralocorticoid receptor due to the non-selectivity of the receptor, leading to aldosterone-like effects in the kidney.
11-Deoxycorticosterone (DOC), or simply deoxycorticosterone, also known as 21-hydroxyprogesterone, as well as desoxycortone (), deoxycortone, and cortexone, [1] [2] is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that possesses mineralocorticoid activity and acts as a precursor to aldosterone. [3]
Eplerenone, sold under the brand name Inspra, is an aldosterone antagonist type of potassium-sparing diuretic that is used to treat chronic heart failure and high blood pressure, particularly for people with resistant hypertension due to elevated aldosterone.
Amiloride has a second action on the heart, blocking Na + /H + exchangers such as sodium–hydrogen antiporter 1 (NHE-1). Amiloride also blocks the Na + /H + antiporter on the apical surface of the proximal tubule cells in the nephron, abolishing more than 80% of the action of angiotensin II on the secretion of hydrogen ions in proximal tubule ...
SM Seaside City in Cebu City. This is a list of notable shopping malls in the Philippines.The retail industry in the Philippines is an important contributor to the national economy as it accounts for approximately 15% of the country's total Gross National Product (GNP) and 33% of the entire services sector.