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The Constitution of Ghana is the supreme law of the Republic of Ghana.It was approved on 28 April 1992 through a national referendum after 92% support. [1] [2] It defines the fundamental political principles, establishing the structure, procedures, powers and duties of the government, structure of the judiciary and legislature, and spells out the fundamental rights and duties of citizens.
The Constitution calls for a system of checks and balances, with power shared between a president, a unicameral parliament, a council of state, and an independent judiciary. Shortly after independence, the dominant political party in Ghana established a one-party authoritarian system of government.
The legal system is based on the 1992 constitution, customary (traditional) law, and British common law. Court hierarchy consists of Supreme Court of Ghana (highest court), courts of appeal, and high courts of justice. Beneath these bodies are circuit, magisterial, and traditional courts.
Ghana is a unitary presidential constitutional democracy with a parliamentary multi-party system that is dominated by two parties—the National Democratic Congress (NDC) and the New Patriotic Party (NPP).
A constitutional referendum was held in Ghana on 27 April 1960. The main issue was a change in the country's status from a constitutional monarchy with Elizabeth II as head of state, to a republic with a presidential system of government.
The chieftaincy institution in Ghana is a system that structures and regulates the activity of local chieftains in the Ghanaian society and state. This institution served as the governing structure of various societies in Ghana prior to European colonisation.
Ghana's current property statutory law system is an amalgamation of departments and policies aimed at identifying procedures associated with the acquisition, registration, and ownership of land. [2] Ghana codified laws about land ownership in the constitution of Ghana ratified in 1992. [2]
Ghana is a sovereign country in West Africa. It was a British colony until 6th March 1957 , when it became the first country south of the Sahara to gain independence . The fundamental rights of a Ghanaian has been enshrined in the Chapter 5 of the 1992 Constitution. [ 2 ]