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Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C 6 H 12 O 6.It is overall the most abundant monosaccharide, [4] a subcategory of carbohydrates.It is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight.
[69] [70] Buffering is an essential part of acid base physiology including acid–base homeostasis, [71] and is key to understanding disorders such as acid–base disorder. [ 72 ] [ 73 ] [ 74 ] The isoelectric point of a given molecule is a function of its p K values, so different molecules have different isoelectric points.
Glucose's terminal carbon's primary alcohol group has been oxidized to a carboxylic acid. Uronic acids (/ ʊ ˈ r ɒ n ɪ k /) or alduronic acids are a class of sugar acids with both carbonyl and carboxylic acid functional groups. [1] They are sugars in which the hydroxyl group furthest from the carbonyl group has been oxidized to a carboxylic ...
Acid strength is the tendency of an acid, symbolised by the chemical formula, to dissociate into a proton, + , and an anion, . The dissociation or ionization of a ...
In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinase [1] whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA is also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11). PKA has several functions in the cell, including regulation of glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism.
Gluconic acid is typically produced by the aerobic oxidation of glucose in the presence of the enzyme glucose oxidase. The conversion produces gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide. The lactone spontaneously hydrolyzes to gluconic acid in water. [3] C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 → C 6 H 10 O 6 + H 2 O 2 C 6 H 10 O 6 + H 2 O → C 6 H 12 O 7
In organic chemistry, a sugar acid or acidic sugar is a monosaccharide with a carboxyl group at one end or both ends of its chain. [1] Main classes of sugar acids ...
When a protein folds, the titratable amino acids in the protein are transferred from a solution-like environment to an environment determined by the 3-dimensional structure of the protein. For example, in an unfolded protein, an aspartic acid typically is in an environment which exposes the titratable side chain to water.