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Chicago superintendent William Harvey Wells expanded this approach by creating a course of instruction for Chicago Public Schools, [9] which he codified in "A Graded Course of Instruction for Public Schools". [10] Thus, the first learning standards originated as a result of content in textbooks, rather than through a systematic, democratic ...
If the school does not make Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) on student test scores, the school is considered not providing a good education to its students and is labeled ‘in need of improvement.’ The school then faces serious sanctions—from allowing its students to move to other schools to being restructured. Schools that
[11] These standards are put in place, as stated below, to help students, teachers, parents, etc. to know what is expected of a certain child at a certain age to know by the end of a unit, term, school year, etc. [12] Standards are normally published and freely available to parents and taxpayers as well as professional educators and textbook ...
Curriculum theory (CT) is an academic discipline devoted to examining and shaping educational curricula.There are many interpretations of CT, being as narrow as the dynamics of the learning process of one child in a classroom to the lifelong learning path an individual takes.
Even then, the selected curriculum is likely to require extensive modifications if it is to be effective in the new context. With reference to Hong Kong, Singapore and Shenzhen pre-schools, Li et al. [9] caution that: ‘using Euro-American norms to unify the learning of young children under varying contexts is absolutely an impossible mission ...
The UDL framework, first defined by David H. Rose, Ed.D. of the Harvard Graduate School of Education and the Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST) in the 1990s, [2] calls for creating a curriculum from the outset that provides: Multiple means of representation give learners various ways of acquiring information and knowledge,
The Common Core State Standards Initiative, also known as simply Common Core, was an American, multi-state educational initiative begun in 2010 with the goal of increasing consistency across state standards, or what K–12 students throughout the United States should know in English language arts and mathematics at the conclusion of each school grade.
Understanding by Design, or UbD, is an educational theory for curriculum design of a school subject, where planners look at the desired outcomes at the end of the study in order to design curriculum units, performance assessments, and classroom instruction. [1]