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Clostridioides difficile, also known more commonly as C. diff, accounts for 10 to 20% of antibiotic-associated diarrhea cases, because the antibiotics administered for the treatment of certain disease processes such as inflammatory colitis also inadvertently kill a large portion of the gut flora, the normal flora that is usually present within the bowel.
Signs and symptoms of CDI range from mild diarrhea to severe life-threatening inflammation of the colon. [16]In adults, a clinical prediction rule found the best signs to be significant diarrhea ("new onset of more than three partially formed or watery stools per 24-hour period"), recent antibiotic exposure, abdominal pain, fever (up to 40.5 °C or 105 °F), and a distinctive foul odor to the ...
Antibiotics can also cause diarrhea, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea is the most common adverse effect of treatment with general antibiotics. While bismuth compounds (Pepto-Bismol) decreased the number of bowel movements in those with travelers' diarrhea, they do not decrease the length of illness. [112]
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a type of Escherichia coli and one of the leading bacterial causes of diarrhea in the developing world, [1] as well as the most common cause of travelers' diarrhea. [2] Insufficient data exists, but conservative estimates suggest that each year, about 157,000 deaths occur, mostly in children, from ETEC.
Clostridioides difficile (syn. Clostridium difficile) is a bacterium known for causing serious diarrheal infections, and may also cause colon cancer. [4] [5] It is known also as C. difficile, or C. diff (/ s iː d ɪ f /), and is a Gram-positive species of spore-forming bacteria. [6]
The condition is usually caused by Gram-positive enteric commensal bacteria of the gut (). Clostridioides difficile is a species of Gram-positive bacteria that commonly causes severe diarrhea and other intestinal diseases when competing bacteria are wiped out by antibiotics, causing pseudomembranous colitis, whereas Clostridium septicum is responsible for most cases of neutropenic enterocolitis.
The ODS may or may not co-exist with other functional bowel disorders, such as slow transit constipation or irritable bowel syndrome. [19] Of all cases of primary constipation, it is reported that 58% are dyssynergic defecation, 47% are slow transit constipation and 58% are irritable bowel syndrome. [ 21 ]
Antibiotics are generally not needed. [14] However, antibiotics are recommended for young children with a fever and bloody diarrhea. [1] In 2015, there were two billion cases of gastroenteritis, resulting in 1.3 million deaths globally. [6] [7] Children and those in the developing world are affected the most. [15]
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