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A parapneumonic effusion is a type of pleural effusion (accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity) that arises as a result of a pneumonia, lung abscess, or bronchiectasis. [1] There are three types of parapneumonic effusions: uncomplicated effusions, complicated effusions, and empyema. Uncomplicated effusions generally respond well to ...
A pleural effusion is accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung.Under normal conditions, pleural fluid is secreted by the parietal pleural capillaries at a rate of 0.6 millilitre per kilogram weight per hour, and is cleared by lymphatic absorption leaving behind only 5–15 millilitres of fluid, which helps to maintain a functional ...
The initial investigations for suspected empyema remains chest X-ray, although it cannot differentiate an empyema from uninfected parapneumonic effusion. [6] Ultrasound must be used to confirm the presence of a pleural fluid collection and can be used to estimate the size of the effusion, differentiate between free and loculated pleural fluid ...
To distinguish an empyema from the more common simple parapneumonic effusion, the fluid may be collected with a needle (thoracentesis), and examined. [142] If this shows evidence of empyema, complete drainage of the fluid is necessary, often requiring a drainage catheter. [142] In severe cases of empyema, surgery may be needed. [142]
Complications may include lung abscess, acute respiratory distress syndrome, empyema, parapneumonic effusion, and pneumonia [3] [1] Some include chemical induced inflammation of the lungs as a subtype, which occurs from acidic but non-infectious stomach contents entering the lungs. [1] [2] Infection can be due to a variety of bacteria. [2]
A pleural effusion is an accumulation of fluid inside the pleural space. If this collection of fluid gets large enough, it can also push structures in the chest away from it and cause a mediastinal shift. However, a pleural effusion can also pull the mediastinal structure towards itself.
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