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  2. Logical reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoning

    This way, a chain is formed in which the conclusions of earlier arguments act as premises for later arguments. Each link in this chain has to be successful for a complex argument to succeed. [18] [25] An argument is correct or incorrect depending on whether the premises offer support for the conclusion.

  3. List of valid argument forms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_valid_argument_forms

    In this form, you start with the same first premise as with modus ponens. However, the second part of the premise is denied, leading to the conclusion that the first part of the premise should be denied as well. It is shown below in logical form. If A, then B Not B Therefore not A. [3] When modus tollens is used with actual content, it looks ...

  4. Reason - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason

    Reason is the capacity of consciously applying logic by drawing valid conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth. [1] It is associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy, religion, science, language, mathematics, and art, and is normally considered to be a distinguishing ability possessed by humans.

  5. Logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic

    Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths. It examines how conclusions follow from premises based on the structure of arguments alone, independent of their

  6. Critical thinking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_thinking

    Critical thinking is the process of analyzing available facts, evidence, observations, and arguments to make sound conclusions or informed choices. It involves recognizing underlying assumptions, providing justifications for ideas and actions, evaluating these justifications through comparisons with varying perspectives, and assessing their rationality and potential consequences. [1]

  7. Argument map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_map

    Identify which statements are premises, sub-conclusions, and the main conclusion. Provide missing, implied conclusions and implied premises. (This is optional depending on the purpose of the argument map.) Put the statements into boxes and draw a line between any boxes that are linked. Indicate support from premise(s) to (sub)conclusion with ...

  8. Psychology of reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_reasoning

    Those two statements could then lead to the conclusion that "This C is B". These types of syllogisms are used to test deductive reasoning to ensure there is a valid hypothesis. [ 29 ] A Syllogistic Reasoning Task was created from a study performed by Morsanyi, Kinga, Handley, and Simon that examined the intuitive contributions to reasoning.

  9. Philosophy of logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_logic

    A complex argument is an argument involving several steps, in which the conclusions of earlier steps figure as the premises of the following steps. [1] Inferences and arguments can be correct or incorrect. This depends on whether the premises actually support the conclusion or not, i.e. on whether the conclusion follows from the premises.

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