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There are also various complex electrolyte disorders that can occur due to the cancer itself or are side effects of chemotherapeutics. One example, the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), a disorder of low serum sodium concentration, was first described in lung cancer and is a common electrolyte disturbance seen in this ...
High turnover of tumor cells leads to spill of potassium into the blood. Symptoms usually do not manifest until levels are high (> 6.5 mmol/L) [normal 3.5–5.0 mmol/L] and they include [8] palpitations, cardiac conduction abnormalities, and arrhythmias (can be fatal) muscle weakness or paralysis; Hyperphosphatemia.
Electrolyte imbalance, or water-electrolyte imbalance, is an abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes in the body. Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. They help to regulate heart and neurological function, fluid balance , oxygen delivery , acid–base balance and much more.
Paraneoplastic syndrome often occurs alongside associated cancers as a result of an activated immune system. In this scenario, the body may produce antibodies to fight off the tumor by directly binding and destroying the tumor cell. Paraneoplastic disorders may arise in that antibodies would cross-react with normal tissues and destroy them. [9]
The antibodies found in LEMS associated with lung cancer also bind to calcium channels in the cancer cells, and it is presumed that the antibodies originally develop as a reaction to these cells. [4] It has been suggested that the immune reaction to the cancer cells suppresses their growth and improves the prognosis from the cancer. [3] [6]
Passive antibody administration has become a widely approved cancer treatment following the development of monoclonal antibody (mAb). Since these antibodies originated from mice, they were wrought with problems of immunogenetics and poor abilities to induce an immune response in the human body, limiting their clinical applicability. [12]
Hyperphosphatemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is an elevated level of phosphate in the blood. [1] Most people have no symptoms while others develop calcium deposits in the soft tissue. [1] The disorder is often accompanied by low calcium blood levels, which can result in muscle spasms. [1]
The anti-Purkinje cell antibodies originally described in PCD led to the hypothesis that the antibody might be pathogenic, much as earlier studies had demonstrated pathogenicity of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis. However, when the antibody was used to clone the cDNA encoding the cdr2 antigen, it was found to be an ...