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The Chalcolithic (/ ˈ k æ l k ə ˌ l ɪ θ ɪ k / KAL-kə-LI-thik) (also called the Copper Age and Eneolithic) [a] was an archaeological period characterized by the increasing use of smelted copper. It followed the Neolithic and preceded the Bronze Age.
Painting of a Copper Age walled settlement, Los Millares, Spain The Chalcolithic or Copper Age is the transitional period between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age. [1] It is taken to begin around the mid-5th millennium BC, and ends with the beginning of the Bronze Age proper, in the late 4th to 3rd millennium BC, depending on the region.
The Chalcolithic (also Eneolithic, Copper Age) period of Prehistoric Europe lasted roughly from 5000 to 2000 BC, developing from the preceding Neolithic period and followed by the Bronze Age. It was a period of Megalithic culture, the appearance of the first significant economic stratification, and probably the earliest presence of Indo ...
For some regions, there is need for an intermediate Chalcolithic period between the Stone Age and Bronze Age. For cultures where indigenous metal tools were in less widespread use, other classifications, such as the lithic stage , archaic stage and formative stage refer to the development of other types of technology and social organization.
Reconstruction of Ötzi's copper axe (c. 3300 BCE). The Copper Age, also called the Eneolithic or the Chalcolithic Age, has been traditionally understood as a transitional period between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, in which a gradual introduction of the metal (native copper) took place, while stone was still the main resource utilized.
Straddling the Neolithic and early Bronze Age, the Chalcolithic era (c. 5500–3000 BC) is defined by the first metal implements made with copper. This age is represented in Anatolia by sites at Hacilar, Beycesultan, Canhasan, Mersin Yumuktepe, Elazig Tepecik, Malatya Degirmentepe, Norşuntepe, and Istanbul Fikirtepe. [7]
The onset of the Chalcolithic (Copper Age) saw the introduction of copper weapons. Organised warfare between early city states was in existence by the mid-5th millennium BC. Excavations at Mersin, Anatolia show the presence of fortifications and soldiers' quarters by 4300 BC. [53]
Chalcolithic (or "Eneolithic", "Copper Age") Ancient history (The Bronze and Iron Ages are not part of prehistory for all regions and civilizations who had adopted or developed a writing system.) Bronze Age; Iron Age; Late Middle Ages. Renaissance; Early modern history; Modern history. Industrial Age (1760–1970) Machine Age (1880–1945) Age ...