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In engineering, science, and statistics, replication is the process of repeating a study or experiment under the same or similar conditions. It is a crucial step to test the original claim and confirm or reject the accuracy of results as well as for identifying and correcting the flaws in the original experiment. [1]
Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method.For the findings of a study to be reproducible means that results obtained by an experiment or an observational study or in a statistical analysis of a data set should be achieved again with a high degree of reliability when the study is replicated.
(1) The Type I bias equations 1.1 and 1.2 are not affected by the sample size n. (2) Eq(1.4) is a re-arrangement of the second term in Eq(1.3). (3) The Type II bias and the variance and standard deviation all decrease with increasing sample size, and they also decrease, for a given sample size, when x's standard deviation σ becomes small ...
ANOVA gauge repeatability and reproducibility is a measurement systems analysis technique that uses an analysis of variance (ANOVA) random effects model to assess a measurement system. The evaluation of a measurement system is not limited to gauge but to all types of measuring instruments , test methods , and other measurement systems.
Reproducibility in the narrow sense refers to re-examining and validating the analysis of a given set of data. Replication refers to repeating an existing experiment or study using new, independent data with the goal of verifying the original conclusions.
An attribute agreement analysis is designed to simultaneously evaluate the impact of repeatability and reproducibility on accuracy. It allows the analyst to examine the responses from multiple reviewers as they look at several scenarios multiple times.
The Reproducibility Project is a series of crowdsourced collaborations aiming to reproduce published scientific studies, finding high rates of results which could not be replicated. It has resulted in two major initiatives focusing on the fields of psychology [ 1 ] and cancer biology. [ 2 ]
In experimental methodology, a round-robin test is an interlaboratory test (measurement, analysis, or experiment) performed independently several times. [1] This can involve multiple independent scientists performing the test with the use of the same method in different equipment, or a variety of methods and equipment.