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  2. Metals in medicine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metals_in_medicine

    Metals have been used in treatments since ancient times. The Ebers Papyrus from 1500BC is the first written account of the use of metals for treatment and describes the use of Copper to reduce inflammation and the use of iron to treat anemia. Sodium vanadate has been used since the early 20th century to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

  3. Metallopharmaceutical - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallopharmaceutical

    A metallopharmaceutical is a drug that contains a metal as an active ingredient. [1] [2] Most commonly metallopharmaceuticals are used as anticancer or antimicrobial agents. The efficiency of metallopharmaceuticals is crucially dependent on the respective trace metal binding forms. [3] Examples of metallopharmaceuticals include:

  4. Biohydrometallurgy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biohydrometallurgy

    deal with metal production and treatment of metal containing materials and solutions "Biohydrometallurgy may generally referred to as the branch of biotechnology dealing with the study and application of the economic potential of the interactions between microbes and minerals.

  5. Raw material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raw_material

    A raw material, also known as a feedstock, unprocessed material, or primary commodity, is a basic material that is used to produce goods, finished goods, energy, or intermediate materials that are feedstock for future finished products. As feedstock, the term connotes these materials are bottleneck assets and are required to produce other products.

  6. List of purification methods in chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_purification...

    Smelting produces metals from raw ore, and involves adding chemicals to the ore and heating it up to the melting point of the metal. Refining is used primarily in the petroleum industry, whereby crude oil is heated and separated into stages according to the condensation points of the various elements.

  7. Metallurgy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy

    Metallurgy derives from the Ancient Greek μεταλλουργός, metallourgós, "worker in metal", from μέταλλον, métallon, "mine, metal" + ἔργον, érgon, "work" The word was originally an alchemist's term for the extraction of metals from minerals, the ending -urgy signifying a process, especially manufacturing: it was discussed in this sense in the 1797 Encyclopædia ...

  8. Terephthalic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terephthalic_acid

    It is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a raw material for certain drugs. In addition to these end uses, Terephthalic acid based polyesters and polyamides are also used in hot melt adhesives. PTA is an important raw material for lower molecular weight saturated polyesters for powder and water-soluble coatings.

  9. Extractive metallurgy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractive_metallurgy

    Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgical engineering wherein process and methods of extraction of metals from their natural mineral deposits are studied. The field is a materials science, covering all aspects of the types of ore, washing, concentration, separation, chemical processes and extraction of pure metal and their alloying to suit various applications, sometimes for direct ...