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The continuing of breastfeeding, while introducing solids after 6 months, to 12 months were shown to have an efficiency rate of 92.6 – 96.3 percent in pregnancy prevention. [13] Because of this some women find that breastfeeding interferes with fertility even after ovulation has resumed. The Seven Standards: Phase 1 of Ecological Breastfeeding
Exclusive breastfeeding usually delays the return of fertility through lactational amenorrhea, [211] [212] although it does not provide reliable birth control. Breastfeeding may delay the return to fertility for some women by suppressing ovulation. Mothers may not ovulate, or have regular periods, during the entire lactation period. The non ...
More women under 50 are getting breast cancer, an American Cancer Society report found. The reasons are complex, but breastfeeding and fertility may play a small role in the increase.
High levels of prolactin during pregnancy and breastfeeding also increase insulin resistance, increase growth factor levels (IGF-1) and modify lipid metabolism in preparation for breastfeeding. During lactation, prolactin is the main factor maintaining tight junctions of the ductal epithelium and regulating milk production through osmotic balance.
The caloric needs will change based upon the production of milk for the infant. The caloric requirement for a non-breastfeeding, non-pregnant woman changes from 1,800-2,000 kcal/day to 2,300 to 2500 kcal/day for the breastfeeding woman. Nutritional supplementation is often prescribed and recommended.
Fertility awareness can also be used to aid in diagnosing known gynecological problems such as infertility. Fertility awareness may be used to avoid pregnancy or to aid in conception. Use of fertility awareness can give insight to the workings of women's bodies, and may allow women to take greater control of their own fertility.
Establishment of breastfeeding refers to the initiation of providing breast milk of mother to baby. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), [ 2 ] breastfeeding is the best way to provide nourishment, including essential nutrients , energy and antibodies , to infants and toddlers .
Breastfeeding can increase time between births. Family planning, such as the use of contraceptives can increase inter-pregnancy interval. [4] Breastfeeding and extended breastfeeding can also increase birth spacing due to lactational amenorrhea. [5] [6] [7] [8]
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