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A highly conserved sequence is one that has remained relatively unchanged far back up the phylogenetic tree, and hence far back in geological time. Examples of highly conserved sequences include the RNA components of ribosomes present in all domains of life, the homeobox sequences widespread amongst eukaryotes, and the tmRNA in bacteria.
Some conserved core processes, called "exploratory processes", have the ability to generate many different phenotypical outcomes or states. Examples include: the formation of microtubule structures, the development of the nervous system (i.e. connecting of axons and target organs), synapse elimination, muscle patterning, the production of blood ...
The presence of conserved moieties can affect how computer simulation models are constructed. [7] [8] Moiety-conserved cycles will reduce the number of differential equations required to solve a system. For example, a simple cycle has only one independent variable.
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
These motifs are linear, in the sense that three-dimensional organization is not required to bring distant segments of the molecule together to make the recognizable unit. The conservation of these motifs varies: some are highly conserved while others, for example, allow substitutions that retain only a certain pattern of charge across the motif."
The complete set of small-molecule chemical compounds within a cell, organelle, or any other biological sample, including both endogenous molecules (e.g. individual amino acids and nucleotides, fatty acids, organic acids, amines, simple sugars, vitamins, antibiotics, etc.) and exogenous molecules (e.g. drugs, toxins, environmental contaminants ...
In an influential paper, Wiens and Donoghue [3] laid out how phylogenetic niche conservatism might help explain the latitudinal diversity gradient.While support for the hypothesis that niche conservatism drives latitudinally structured variation in species richness has been found in some clades, [11] overall, phylogenetic niche conservatism has not received strong support as the underlying ...
Additionally, exceptional conservation of synteny can reflect important functional relationships between genes. For example, the order of genes in the "Hox cluster", which are key determinants of the animal body plan and which interact with each other in critical ways, is essentially preserved throughout the animal kingdom. [11]