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Caffenol is a photographic alternative process whereby phenols, sodium carbonate and optionally vitamin C are used in aqueous solution as a film and print photographic developer. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Other basic (as opposed to acidic ) chemicals can be used in place of sodium carbonate; however, sodium carbonate is the most common.
In graphic art film, also called lithographic film which is a special type of black and white film used for converting images into halftone images for offset printing, a developer containing methol-hydroquinone and sulfite stabilizers may be used. Exposed silver halide oxidizes the hydroquinone, which then oxidizes a nucleating agent in the ...
Composition can apply to any work of art, from music through writing and into photography, that is arranged using conscious thought. In the visual arts, composition is often used interchangeably with various terms such as design, form, visual ordering, or formal structure, depending on the context.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 February 2025. Art and practice of creating images by recording light For other uses, see Photography (disambiguation). Photography of Sierra Nevada Photography is the art, application, and practice of creating images by recording light, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically ...
Design, as a verb, it refers to the process of originating and developing a plan for a new object (machine, building, product, etc.). As a noun, it is used both for the final plan or proposal (a drawing, model, or other description), or the result of implementing that plan or proposal (the object produced).
Graphic art mostly includes calligraphy, photography, painting, typography, computer graphics, and bindery. It also encompasses drawn plans and layouts for interior and architectural designs. [1] In museum parlance "works on paper" is a common term, covering the various types of traditional fine art graphic art.
Conceptual photography is often used interchangeably with fine-art photography, and there has been some dispute about whether there is a difference between the two. However, the central school of thought is that conceptual photography is a type of fine-art photography. [4] Fine art photography is inclusive of conceptual photography.
The first permanent photograph, a contact-exposed copy of an engraving, was made in 1822 using the bitumen-based "heliography" process developed by Nicéphore Niépce.The first photographs of a real-world scene, made using a camera obscura, followed a few years later at Le Gras, France, in 1826, but Niépce's process was not sensitive enough to be practical for that application: a camera ...