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Measuring the culmen. The upper margin of the beak or bill is referred to as the culmen.The measurement is taken using calipers with one jaw at the tip of the upper mandible and the other at the base of the bill (at the junction with the skull, a measurement called "total culmen") or where the feathers begin (a measurement called "exposed culmen").
The avian family Anatidae, commonly called waterfowl, comprise the ducks, geese, and swans.The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) recognizes these 174 Anatidae species distributed among 53 genera, 32 of which have only one species.
Puddle ducks spring straight up from the water, but diving ducks need to gain momentum to take off, so they must run across the water a short distance to gain flight. Traditionally, most ducks were assigned to either the shelducks , the perching ducks , and the dabbling and diving ducks ; the latter two were presumed to make up the Anatinae.
Pteronetta, Hartlaub's duck – traditionally dabbling ducks, but may be closer to Cyanochen; Cairina and Asarcornis, Muscovy duck and white-winged duck, respectively (2 species) – traditionally dabbling ducks, but may be paraphyletic, with one species in Tadorninae and the other closer to diving ducks
Gertie the Duck, a mallard duck who nested on some pilings under a bridge in Milwaukee in 1945 [8] [9] She (and her brood) are immortalized in RiverSculpture! G.I. Joe , a Second World War homing pigeon awarded the Dickin Medal, a member of the United States Army Pigeon Service.
Black scoters nest later than most other ducks in North America. Pairs form in late winter or spring. The lined nest is built on the ground close to the sea, lakes or rivers, in woodland or tundra. 5–7 eggs are laid. Each eggs weighs from 60–74 g (2.1–2.6 oz), or 8% of the females body weight. The incubation period may range from 27 to 31 ...
Ducks generally only have one partner at a time, although the partnership usually only lasts one year. [26] Larger species and the more sedentary species (like fast-river specialists) tend to have pair-bonds that last numerous years. [27] Most duck species breed once a year, choosing to do so in favourable conditions (spring/summer or wet seasons).
The common goldeneye or simply goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) is a medium-sized sea duck of the genus Bucephala, the goldeneyes. Its closest relative is the similar Barrow's goldeneye . [ 2 ] The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek boukephalos ("bullheaded", from bous , "bull " and kephale , "head"), a reference to the bulbous head ...