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Outside the stele lies the endodermis, which is the innermost cell layer of the cortex. The concept of the stele was developed in the late 19th century by French botanists P. E. L. van Tieghem and H. Doultion as a model for understanding the relationship between the shoot and root, and for discussing the evolution of vascular plant morphology. [2]
While the original Neijing tu provenance is unclear, it probably dates from the 19th century (Komjathy 2004:11). All received copies derive from an engraved stele dated 1886 in Beijing's White Cloud Temple 白雲觀 that records how Liu Chengyin 柳誠印 based it on an old silk scroll discovered in a library on Mount Song (in Henan).
English: Diagram of apoplastic and symplastic water uptake by plant roots. Aligned to a pixel grid for sharpness—best displayed at 100%, 50%, or 25% size. Date
A stele (/ ˈ s t iː l i / STEE-lee), from Greek στήλη, stēlē, plural στήλαι stēlai, [Note 1] is a stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected in the ancient world as a monument. The surface of the stele often has text, ornamentation, or both. These may be inscribed, carved in relief, or painted.
Each stele is made up of diarch (having two strands of xylem [4]) and exarch (growing outward in) xylems. [ citation needed ] The steles are connected with the cortex by means of many tube-like structures called trabeculae , which are modified endodermal cells with casparian strips on their lateral walls.
The discovery of the Casparian strip dates back to the mid-19th century, and advances in the understanding of the endodermis of plant roots. [15] In 1865, the German botanist Robert Caspary first described the endodermis of the root of plants, found that its cell wall was thickened, and named it Schuchtzscheide.
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The endodermis is the boundary between the cortex and the stele. In many seedless plants, such as ferns, the endodermis is a distinct layer of cells immediately outside the vascular cylinder (stele) in roots and shoots. In most seed plants, especially woody types, the endodermis is present in roots but not in stems.