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Gross internal area (GIA) - The floor area contained within the building measured to the internal face of the external walls. Net internal area (NIA) (or Net floor area NFA, or Usable floor area UFA) - The NIA is the GIA less the floor areas taken up by lobbies, enclosed machinery rooms on the roof, stairs and escalators, mechanical and ...
Not to be confused with Grundflächenzahl (GRZ), which is the Site Coverage Ratio. In India floor space index (FSI) and floor area ratio (FAR) are both used. [7] In the United Kingdom and Hong Kong both plot ratio and site ratio are used. [8] [9] In Singapore the terms plot ratio and gross plot ratio (GPR) are more commonly used.
A 0.1% open area will reduce the transmission loss from 40 dB to 30 dB, which is typical of walls where caulking has not been applied effectively [26] Partitions that are inadequately sealed and contain back-to-back electrical boxes, untreated recessed lighting and unsealed pipes offer flanking paths for sound and significant leakage. [27]
Some birds build a new bower each year, while others simply update or remodel their preexisting bower year after year. There are three main styles of bower: maypole, avenue, and display court bowers:
Fitted carpet, also wall-to-wall carpet, is a carpet intended to cover a floor entirely. Carpet over 4 meters in length is usually installed with the use of a power-stretcher (tubed or tubeless). Fitted carpets were originally woven to the dimensions of the specific area they were covering.
Though on this Monopoly board the properties are unnamed, the familiar icons for railroads, jail, "Go," "Chance," etc., all seem to be there -- except "Community Chest" has been replaced by a ...
Grimes is opening up about the past few months of her life.. The singer, born Claire Boucher, shared a post on X, formally known as Twitter, on Wednesday, Nov. 20, giving an update on the release ...
The NRC is highly dependent on the type of mounting, [4] which, if not specified, is usually a Type A mounting (ABPMA mounting #4) where the material is placed directly on the floor, wall, or ceiling. Acoustical ceiling tiles are often tested in Type E400 mounting, which simulates a 16-inch-deep (410 mm) plenum.