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J, or j, is the tenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its usual name in English is jay (pronounced / ˈ dʒ eɪ / ), with a now-uncommon variant jy / ˈ dʒ aɪ / .
The letter j is i with a flourish; u and v are the same letter in early scripts and varied according to position in insular half-uncial and caroline minuscule and later scripts; W is a ligature of vv; in Anglo-Saxon insular the rune wynn is used as a w and thorn (þ) for th.
The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Iota (Ι), [1] Latin I and J, Cyrillic І, Coptic iauda (Ⲓ) and Gothic eis. The term yod is often used to refer to the speech sound [ j ] , a palatal approximant , even in discussions of languages not written in Semitic abjads, as in phonological phenomena such as English " yod-dropping ".
Largely unaltered excepting several letters splitting—i.e. J from I , and U from V —additions such as W , and extensions such as letters with diacritics, it forms the Latin script that is used to write most languages of modern Europe, Africa, America and Oceania.
Many Greek letters are similar to Phoenician, except the letter direction is reversed or changed, which can be the result of historical changes from right-to-left writing to boustrophedon, then to left-to-right writing. Global distribution of the Cyrillic alphabet. The dark green areas shows the countries where this alphabet is the sole main ...
The letters u and j, as distinct from v and i, were introduced in the 16th century, and w assumed the status of an independent letter. The variant lowercase form long s (ſ) lasted into early modern English , and was used in non-final position up to the early 19th century.
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Other alphabets only use a subset of the Latin alphabet, such as Hawaiian and Italian, which uses the letters j, k, x, y, and w only in foreign words. [38] Another notable script is Elder Futhark, believed to have evolved out of one of the Old Italic alphabets. Elder Futhark gave rise to other alphabets known collectively as the Runic alphabets ...