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Ongoing epidemics and pandemics are in boldface. For a given epidemic or pandemic, the average of its estimated death toll range is used for ranking. If the death toll averages of two or more epidemics or pandemics are equal, then the smaller the range, the higher the rank.
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
The term pandemic had not been used then, but was used for later epidemics, including the 1918 H1N1 influenza A pandemic—more commonly known as the Spanish flu—which is the deadliest pandemic in history. The most recent pandemics include the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the 2009 swine flu pandemic and the COVID-19 pandemic. Almost all these diseases ...
Pandemics [58] [59] and infectious diseases or epidemics can be major underlying causes of deaths. In a small study of 26 decedents, [ better source needed ] the pandemized COVID-19 and infection-related disease were "major contributors" to patients' death. [ 12 ]
A history of epidemics maintained by the Chinese Empire from 243 B.C. to 1911 A.C. shows an approximate correlation between the frequency of epidemics and the growth of the population. [72] Here is an incomplete list of known epidemics which spread widely enough to merit the title "pandemic".
Second-deadliest disaster in United States history. Deadliest drug epidemic in United States history. 700,000 [3] 1981 – present HIV/AIDS in the United States: Pandemic Nationwide Fatalities estimated. Third-deadliest disaster in United States history. 675,000 [4] 1918 – 1920 1918 influenza pandemic: Pandemic Nationwide Fatalities estimated.
COVID-19 is the deadliest pandemic in US history; [360] it was the third-leading cause of death in the US in 2020, behind heart disease and cancer. [361] From 2019 to 2020, US life expectancy dropped by 3 years for Hispanic Americans, 2.9 years for African Americans, and 1.2 years for white Americans. [362]
The 1918 flu pandemic (Spanish flu) is a deadly pandemic involving the Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 that infected over 500 million people all over the world, predominantly affecting healthy young individuals. [27] [28] Influenza: France (origin, possibly disputed) 1922: Organization