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Epidemics and pandemics with at least 1 million deaths Rank Epidemics/pandemics Disease Death toll Percentage of population lost Years Location 1 Spanish flu: Influenza A/H1N1: 17–100 million 1–5.4% of global population [4] 1918–1920 Worldwide 2 Plague of Justinian: Bubonic plague 15–100 million 25–60% of European population [5] 541–549
The term pandemic had not been used then, but was used for later epidemics, including the 1918 H1N1 influenza A pandemic—more commonly known as the Spanish flu—which is the deadliest pandemic in history. The most recent pandemics include the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the 2009 swine flu pandemic and the COVID-19 pandemic. Almost all these diseases ...
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
A pandemic (/ p æ n ˈ d ɛ m ɪ k / pan-DEM-ik) is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has a sudden increase in cases and spreads across a large region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of individuals.
COVID-19 is the deadliest pandemic in US history; [360] it was the third-leading cause of death in the US in 2020, behind heart disease and cancer. [361] From 2019 to 2020, US life expectancy dropped by 3 years for Hispanic Americans, 2.9 years for African Americans, and 1.2 years for white Americans. [362]
Such deaths are sometimes evaluated via excess deaths per capita – the COVID-19 pandemic deaths between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021, are estimated to be ~18.2 million. Research could help distinguish the proportions directly caused by COVID-19 from those caused by indirect consequences of the pandemic. [60] [61]
Excess mortality statistics provide a more reliable estimate of all COVID-19-related mortality during the pandemic, though they include both "direct COVID-19 and indirect, non-COVID-19 deaths". [7] They compare overall mortality with that of previous years, and as such also include the potentially vast number of deaths among people with ...
The COVID-19 pandemic ranks as the deadliest disaster in the country's history. [43] It was the third-leading cause of death in the U.S. in 2020, behind heart disease and cancer. [ 44 ] From 2019 to 2020, U.S. life expectancy dropped by three years for Hispanic and Latino Americans , 2.9 years for African Americans , and 1.2 years for white ...