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Portuguese and Spanish, although closely related Romance languages, differ in many aspects of their phonology, grammar, and lexicon.Both belong to a subset of the Romance languages known as West Iberian Romance, which also includes several other languages or dialects with fewer speakers, all of which are mutually intelligible to some degree.
In all these countries, Latin American Spanish is the vernacular language of the majority of the population, giving Spanish the most native speakers of any Romance language. In Africa it is one of the official languages of Equatorial Guinea. Spanish was one of the official languages in the Philippines in Southeast Asia until 1973.
In the case of transparently cognate languages recognized as distinct such as Spanish and Italian, mutual intelligibility is in principle and in practice not binary (simply yes or no), but occurs in varying degrees, subject to numerous variables specific to individual speakers in the context of the communication.
In linguistics, lexical similarity is a measure of the degree to which the word sets of two given languages are similar. A lexical similarity of 1 (or 100%) would mean a total overlap between vocabularies, whereas 0 means there are no common words.
According to a 2019 survey by the Catalan government, 31.5% of the inhabitants of Catalonia predominantly spoke Catalan at home whereas 52.7% spoke Spanish, 2.8% both Catalan and Spanish and 10.8% other languages. [74] Spanish was the most spoken language in Barcelona (according to the linguistic census held by the Government of Catalonia in ...
Most Romance languages have similar sets of consonants. The following is a combined table of the consonants of the five major Romance languages (French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian). Key: bold: Appears in all 5 languages. italic: Appears in 3–4 languages. (parentheses): Appears in 2 languages.
Most Berber languages have a high percentage of borrowing and influence from the Arabic language, as well as from other languages. [3] For example, Arabic loanwords represent 35% [ 4 ] to 46% [ 5 ] of the total vocabulary of the Kabyle language , and represent 51.7% of the total vocabulary of Tarifit . [ 6 ]
Spanish borrowed many words from other European languages: its close neighbors such as Catalan or Portuguese, other Romance languages such as Italian and French (this particularly during the Neoclassicist to Napoleonic periods, when French language and culture became the fashion at the royal court), and Germanic languages like English. For example:
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