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NASA also references Safety Standard for Hydrogen and Hydrogen Systems [110] and the Sourcebook for Hydrogen Applications. [ 111 ] [ 106 ] Another organization responsible for hydrogen safety guidelines is the Compressed Gas Association (CGA) , which has a number of references of their own covering general hydrogen storage, [ 112 ] piping ...
When the oxygen concentration is below the LOC, flammable gas can then be safely admitted to the vessel, because the possibility of internal explosion has been eliminated. The limiting oxygen concentration is a necessary parameter when designing hypoxic air fire prevention systems .
This is a compilation of published detonation velocities for various high explosive compounds. Detonation velocity is the speed with which the detonation shock wave travels through the explosive.
The reaction generates steam. The reaction starts spontaneously when the hydrogen concentration reaches 1–2 percent. Burning of hydrogen in air requires at least 4 percent hydrogen concentration, and even higher for an explosion. Therefore, a recombiner is able to remove hydrogen from the containment before a flammable concentration is ...
Dusts also have upper and lower explosion limits, though the upper limits are hard to measure and of little practical importance. Lower flammability limits for many organic materials are in the range of 10–50 g/m 3, which is much higher than the limits set for health reasons, as is the case for the LEL of many gases and vapours. Dust clouds ...
Concrete debris from the March hydrogen explosion of the reactor building has been detected in the spent fuel pool. In June TEPCO discovered that the water in the pool was strongly alkaline: the pH had reached a value of 11.2. Leaching of calcium hydroxide (portlandite) or calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) from the concrete could have caused this.
Fresh water was used from 14 May. By 29 May water was able to be injected using a temporary pump and the Spent Fuel Pool Cooling (FPC) line. [75] [91] On 10 August, the spent fuel pool was switched from the water-injection system – that functioned some 5 months – to a circulatory cooling system. For the first time since the 11 March ...
The Reactor Protection System (RPS) is a system, computerized in later BWR models, that is designed to automatically, rapidly, and completely shut down and make safe the Nuclear Steam Supply System (NSSS – the reactor pressure vessel, pumps, and water/steam piping within the containment) if some event occurs that could result in inadvertant criticality.