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A fusion energy gain factor, usually expressed with the symbol Q, is the ratio of fusion power produced in a nuclear fusion reactor to the power required to maintain the plasma in steady state. The condition of Q = 1, when the power being released by the fusion reactions is equal to the required heating power, is referred to as breakeven , or ...
Energy per reaction is the energy released in each fusion reaction; This equation is typically averaged over a population of ions which has a normal distribution. The result is the amount of energy being created by the plasma at any instant in time. Lawson then estimated [5] the radiation losses using the following equation:
The values are organized in a format that makes them readable by a thermodynamic calculation program or for use in a spreadsheet. For example, the Excel -based thermodynamic database FREED [1] creates the following type of datafile, here for a standard pressure of 1 atm.
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Fusion energy gain factor: 2022: 1.54: NIF [286] Discharge time (field reversed configuration) 2016: 3 × 10 −1 s: Princeton Field Reversed Configuration [307] Fusion was not observed. Discharge time is not confinement time. Discharge time (stellarator) 2019 >1 × 10 2 s: Wendelstein 7-X [308] [309] Discharge time (tokamak) 2022 >1 × 10 3 s ...
A net energy gain is achieved by expending less energy acquiring a source of energy than is contained in the source to be consumed. That is =. Factors to consider when calculating NEG is the type of energy, the way energy is used and acquired, and the methods used to store or transport the energy.
the amount of energy contained in the final ethanol product; the amount of energy directly consumed to make the ethanol (such as the diesel used in tractors) the quality of the resulting ethanol compared to the quality of refined gasoline; the energy indirectly consumed (in order to make the ethanol processing plant, etc.).
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