enow.com Web Search

Search results

  1. Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
  2. Electromagnetic absorption by water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_absorption...

    Liquid water and ice emit radiation at a higher rate than water vapour (see graph above). Water at the top of the troposphere, particularly in liquid and solid states, cools as it emits net photons to space. Neighboring gas molecules other than water (e.g. nitrogen) are cooled by passing their heat kinetically to the water. This is why ...

  3. Solar radio emission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radio_emission

    The frequency drifts from higher to lower values because it depends on the electron density, and the shock propagates outward away from the Sun through lower and lower densities. By using a model for the Sun's atmospheric density, the frequency drift rate can then be used to estimate the speed of the shock wave.

  4. Optical depth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_depth

    Spectral optical depth in frequency and spectral optical depth in wavelength of a material, denoted and respectively, are given by: [1] = (,,) = ⁡ = (,,) = ⁡, where Φ e , ν t {\displaystyle \Phi _{\mathrm {e} ,\nu }^{\mathrm {t} }} is the spectral radiant flux in frequency transmitted by that material;

  5. Total internal reflection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_internal_reflection

    Some of the space above the water level can be seen through "Snell's window" at the top of the frame. When standing beside an aquarium with one's eyes below the water level, one is likely to see fish or submerged objects reflected in the water-air surface (Fig. 1). The brightness of the reflected image – just as bright as the "direct" view ...

  6. Sun - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun

    The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.It is a massive, nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy from its surface mainly as visible light and infrared radiation with 10% at ultraviolet energies.

  7. Sunlight - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight

    The total amount of energy received at ground level from the Sun at the zenith depends on the distance to the Sun and thus on the time of year. It is about 3.3% higher than average in January and 3.3% lower in July (see below).

  8. Outgoing longwave radiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outgoing_longwave_radiation

    The growth in Earth's energy imbalance from satellite and in situ measurements (2005–2019). A rate of +1.0 W/m 2 summed over the planet's surface equates to a continuous heat uptake of about 500 terawatts (~0.3% of the incident solar radiation).

  9. Solar activity and climate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_activity_and_climate

    Over time, the planet cooled and formed a solid crust, eventually allowing liquid water to exist on the surface. Three to four billion years ago the Sun emitted only 70% of its current power. [5] Under the present atmospheric composition, this past solar luminosity would have been insufficient to prevent water from uniformly freezing.