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A clique (AusE, CanE, UK: / ˈ k l iː k / or US: / ˈ k l ɪ k /; French:), in the social sciences, is a small group of individuals who interact with one another and share similar interests rather than include others. [1]
A more neutral and scientific definition of clique is "a grouping of persons who interact with each other more regularly and intensely than others in the same setting". [ 1 ] Although cliques can range from two to twelve people, cliques typically consist of five or six people who are homogeneous in age, gender, race, social status, and ...
A ruling clique is a group of people who jointly rule an oligarchic form of government. Ruling cliques generally differ from another type of oligarchy: a military junta . Military juntas are always ruled by military personnel (often high-ranking like general ).
Clique: A group of people that have many of the same interests & commonly found in a high school/college setting; most of the time they have a name & rules for themselves. Club: A group that usually requires one to apply to become a member. Such clubs may be dedicated to particular activities: sporting clubs, for example.
A maximal clique is a clique that cannot be extended by including one more adjacent vertex, that is, a clique which does not exist exclusively within the vertex set of a larger clique. Some authors define cliques in a way that requires them to be maximal, and use other terminology for complete subgraphs that are not maximal.
Cliques are small groups typically defined by common interests or by friendship. Cliques typically have 2–12 members and tend to be formed by age, gender, race, and social class. Clique members are usually the same in terms of academics and risk behaviors. [3] Cliques can serve as an agent of socialization and social control. [6]
However, interests can be shared across crowd divisions. Accordingly, while an adolescent's closest friends are almost always part of the same clique (i.e., they interact frequently within the same small friend group), they are not always part of the same crowd, especially if multiple crowds have similar lifestyles. [9] [17]
The clique decision problem is not of practical importance; it is formulated in this way in order to apply the theory of NP-completeness to clique-finding problems. [19] The clique problem and the independent set problem are complementary: a clique in G is an independent set in the complement graph of G and vice versa. [20]