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In the simple case of a function of one variable, say, h(x), we can solve an equation of the form h(x) = c for some constant c by considering what is known as the inverse function of h. Given a function h : A → B, the inverse function, denoted h −1 and defined as h −1 : B → A, is a function such that
where is a function : [,), and the initial condition is a given vector. First-order means that only the first derivative of y appears in the equation, and higher derivatives are absent. Without loss of generality to higher-order systems, we restrict ourselves to first-order differential equations, because a higher-order ODE can be converted ...
In the following we solve the second-order differential equation called the hypergeometric differential equation using Frobenius method, named after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius. This is a method that uses the series solution for a differential equation, where we assume the solution takes the form of a series. This is usually the method we use for ...
This results from the fact that the derivative of the exponential function e rx is a multiple of itself. Therefore, y′ = re rx, y″ = r 2 e rx, and y (n) = r n e rx are all multiples. This suggests that certain values of r will allow multiples of e rx to sum to zero, thus solving the homogeneous differential equation. [5]
Complementary function : assume () =, substitute and solve polynomial in , to find the linearly independent functions . Particular integral y p {\displaystyle y_{p}} : in general the method of variation of parameters , though for very simple r ( x ) {\displaystyle r(x)} inspection may work.
In mathematics, a function from a set X to a set Y assigns to each element of X exactly one element of Y. [1] The set X is called the domain of the function [2] and the set Y is called the codomain of the function. [3] Functions were originally the idealization of how a varying quantity depends on another quantity.
For example, the gamma function is a function that satisfies the functional equation (+) = and the initial value () = There are many functions that satisfy these conditions, but the gamma function is the unique one that is meromorphic in the whole complex plane, and logarithmically convex for x real and positive ( Bohr–Mollerup theorem ).
In numerical analysis, a multigrid method (MG method) is an algorithm for solving differential equations using a hierarchy of discretizations. They are an example of a class of techniques called multiresolution methods , very useful in problems exhibiting multiple scales of behavior.