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Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare, autosomal dominant, hereditary disorder [1] that predisposes carriers to cancer development.It was named after two American physicians, Frederick Pei Li and Joseph F. Fraumeni Jr., who first recognized the syndrome after reviewing the medical records and death certificates of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma patients. [2]
Cancer is the leading cause of death in dogs. [1] It is estimated that 1 in 3 domestic dogs will develop cancer, which is the same incidence of cancer among humans. [2] Dogs can develop a variety of cancers and most are very similar to those found in humans.
p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often spoken of as, a single protein) are crucial in vertebrates , where they prevent cancer formation. [ 5 ]
General signs and symptoms include depression, fever, weight loss, loss of appetite, loss of hair or fur and vomiting. Lymphoma is the most common cancerous cause of hypercalcemia (high blood calcium levels) in dogs. [9] It can lead to the above signs and symptoms plus increased water drinking, increased urination, and cardiac arrhythmias.
A major study of dog longevity, which considered both natural and other factors affecting life expectancy, concluded that: "The mean age at death (all breeds, all causes) was 11 years and 1 month, but in dogs dying of natural causes it was 12 years and 8 months.
Dogs with hemangiosarcoma rarely show clinical signs until the tumor has become very large and has metastasized. Typically, clinical signs are due to hypovolemia after the tumor ruptures, causing extensive bleeding. Owners of the affected dogs often discover that the dog has hemangiosarcoma only after the dog collapses.
Methylmalonic acidemias have varying diagnoses, treatment requirements and prognoses, which are determined by the specific genetic mutation causing the inherited form of the disorder. [3] The first symptoms may begin as early as the first day of life or as late as adulthood. [4] Symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening. [1]
Up to 80 percent of dogs infected will have symptoms, but the mortality rate is only 5 to 8 percent. [5] Infectious canine hepatitis is a sometimes fatal infectious disease of the liver. [6] Canine herpesvirus is an infectious disease that is a common cause of death in puppies less than three weeks old. [7]