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Additional researched vinca alkaloids include vincaminol, vineridine, and vinburnine. Vinpocetine is a semi-synthetic derivative of vincamine (sometimes described as "a synthetic ethyl ester of apovincamine"). [14] Minor vinca alkaloids include minovincine, methoxyminovincine, minovincinine, vincadifformine, desoxyvincaminol, and vincamajine ...
Vincamine is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid found in the leaves of Vinca minor (lesser periwinkle), comprising about 25–65% of its indole alkaloids by weight. It can also be synthesized from related alkaloids.
Akuammicine is a monoterpene indole alkaloid of the Vinca sub-group which shares a common biosynthesis with other members, namely that they are derived from strictosidine. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It was first isolated in 1927 and had been investigated by Sir Robert Robinson and others before its structure was correctly deduced.
There are also at least 86 alkaloids whose names contain the root "vin" because they are extracted from vinca plants such as Vinca rosea (Catharanthus roseus); [26] these are called vinca alkaloids. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] [ 29 ]
Vinca alkaloids were originally manufactured by extracting them from Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar Periwinkle). [1] Podophyllum spp. Two chemotherapy drugs, etoposide and teniposide, are synthetic chemical compounds similar in chemical structure to the toxin podophyllotoxin which is found in Podophyllum peltatum (May Apple). [1] Taxus brevifolia
Vinca difformis in habitat, Cáceres, Spain. Vinca plants are subshrubs or herbaceous, and have slender trailing stems 1–2 m (3 + 1 ⁄ 2 – 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 ft) long but not growing more than 20–70 cm (8– 27 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) above ground; the stems frequently take root where they touch the ground, enabling the plant to spread widely.
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Conofoline is an alkaloid of the vinca alkaloid class which is closely related to conophylline. It is found in the leaves of some species in the genus Tabernaemontana, [1] including Tabernaemontana divaricata, and in Ervatamia peduncularis. [2]