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One of the important campaigns against Ottoman slavery and slave trade was conducted in the Caucasus by the Russian authorities. [120] A series of decrees were promulgated that initially limited the slavery of white persons, and subsequently that of all races and religions. The Firman of 1830 of Sultan Mahmud II gave freedom to white slaves.
Slavery was a considerable part of the Ottoman economy, and for enslaved women, this was frequently in sexual roles, including marriage at a young age in the unpaid labor market. [53] Still, the slave trade was not an exclusive one, as people of all races and gender identities could have been thrust into the market, one exception being those ...
[2] [page needed] During the fourteenth century, the agency of women in government began to shrink. This was the age of Ottoman expansion where most sultans elected to "lead from the horse", moving around with a court of advisors, viziers, and religious leaders as the army conquered new lands.
A cariye or imperial concubine.. The Imperial Harem (Ottoman Turkish: حرم همايون, romanized: Harem-i Hümâyûn) of the Ottoman Empire was the Ottoman sultan's harem – composed of the concubines, wives, servants (both female slaves and eunuchs), female relatives and the sultan's concubines – occupying a secluded portion (seraglio) of the Ottoman imperial household. [1]
While Ottoman women didn't resort to this tactic as frequently, they still faced familial jealousies and the risk of being discarded by their husbands if a slave woman or concubine gained greater favor. In Ottoman society, any agency achieved by a slave woman often came at the expense of other women's agency.
Abdulmuttalib Efendi, emir of Mecca, gathered support by asking the notables of Jeddah to write a letter of 1 April 1855 to the sharif and ulema of Mecca, where they condemned the Firman as concession to Europeans, since it authorized the Ottoman governors to ban slave trade, permitted non-Muslims to erect edifices in the Arab Peninsula, allow ...
This remained the formal definition of the term in the Islamic world. The rights of the enslaved woman was regulated within Islamic law. [citation needed] In Islamic law, the enslavement of a woman was the only case in which concubinage was legally permitted. [1] A woman taken as a cariye concubine had to obey her male owner as she would a ...
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