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The virus MERS-CoV is a member of the beta group of coronavirus, Betacoronavirus, lineage C. MERS-CoV genomes are phylogenetically classified into two clades, clade A and B. The earliest cases were of clade A clusters, while the majority of more recent cases are of the genetically distinct clade B. [ 10 ]
The virus, which causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), is a novel coronavirus that was first identified in a patient from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia on 6 June 2012. Sporadic cases, small clusters, and large outbreaks have been reported in 24 countries, with over 2,600 cases of the virus and over 900 deaths, as of 2021.
MERS-CoV is a virus in the coronavirus family believed to be originally from bats. [1] However, humans are typically infected from camels, either during direct contact or indirectly through respiratory droplets. [1] Spread between humans typically requires close contact with an infected person. [1] Its spread is uncommon outside of hospitals. [6]
Surveillance for influenza involves monitoring for virus strains and disease activity. A nationwide reporting scheme for acute respiratory infections has been established. The National Influenza Centre routinely carried out virological testing of respiratory samples from hospitals and polyclinics.
Mild illnesses in humans include some cases of the common cold (which is also caused by other viruses, predominantly rhinoviruses), [1] [2] while more lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS and COVID-19. [3] [4] As of 2021, 45 species are registered as coronaviruses, [5] whilst 11 diseases have been identified, as listed below.
MERS coronavirus EMC/2012 is the sixth coronavirus known to infect humans and the first human virus within betacoronavirus lineage C. It is a new genotype which is related to bat coronaviruses , specifically an Egyptian tomb bat, and is not the same beta-CoV as the SARS-CoV , but is distantly related.
The betacoronaviruses of the greatest clinical importance concerning humans are OC43 and HKU1 (which can cause the common cold) of lineage A, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 (the causes of SARS and COVID-19 respectively) of lineage B, [2] and MERS-CoV (the cause of MERS) of lineage C. MERS-CoV is the first betacoronavirus belonging to lineage C that ...
The virus can spread to different organs throughout the chicken. [131] The virus is transmitted by aerosol and food contaminated by feces. Different vaccines against IBV exist and have helped to limit the spread of the virus and its variants. [127] Infectious bronchitis virus is one of a number of strains of the species Avian coronavirus. [133]