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The existence of a receptor for transferrin iron uptake has been recognized since the late 1950s. [2] Earlier two transferrin receptors in humans, transferrin receptor 1 and transferrin receptor 2 had been characterized and until recently cellular iron uptake was believed to occur chiefly via these two well documented transferrin receptors.
Transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFR2 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This protein is involved in the uptake of transferrin -bound iron into cells by endocytosis , although its role is minor compared to transferrin receptor 1 .
Transferrin receptor protein 1 (TfR1), also known as Cluster of Differentiation 71 (CD71), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFRC gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] TfR1 is required for iron import from transferrin into cells by endocytosis .
Iron import can occur via endocytosis of transferrin receptor 1 or via ferrous iron importers DMT1 and ZIP14, which require the activity of iron reductases such as STEAP2, SDR-2 and Dcytb. Intracellular iron can be stored in ferritin and used for protein biosynthesis, or to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulate transcription via ...
[1] Blood testing of the soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is used as a measure of functional iron status and the investigation of iron deficiency anemia. Ferritin, a routine investigation for anemia, is an acute-phase reactant, and may be elevated in states of inflammation, thereby falsely indicating that iron stores are adequate. [2]
But, as iron binds to more and more IRE-BPs, they change shape and unbind the transferrin receptor mRNA. The transferrin receptor mRNA is rapidly degraded without the IRE-BP attached to it. The cell stops producing transferrin receptors. When the cell has obtained more iron than it can bind up with ferritin or heme molecules, more and more iron ...
Coated pits can concentrate large extracellular molecules that have different receptors responsible for the receptor-mediated endocytosis of ligands, e.g. low density lipoprotein, transferrin, growth factors, antibodies and many others. [5] Study [6] in mammalian cells confirm a reduction in clathrin coat size in an increased tension ...
The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein that is similar to MHC class I-type proteins and associates with beta-2 microglobulin (beta2M). It is thought that this protein functions to regulate circulating iron uptake by regulating the interaction of the transferrin receptor with transferrin. [6]