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There have been many different theories regarding the causes of excoriation disorder, including biological and environmental factors. [10]A common hypothesis is that excoriation disorder is often a coping mechanism to deal with elevated levels of turmoil, boredom, anxiety, or stress within the individual, and that the individual has an impaired stress response.
Onychotillomania can be categorized as a body-focused repetitive behavior in the DSM-5 and is a form of skin picking, also known as excoriation disorder. It can be associated with psychiatric disorders such as depressive neurosis, delusions of infestation [ 2 ] and hypochondriasis .
Exudate from heavily draining wounds causes irritation of the periwound that may lead to maceration, excoriation, and otherwise compromise skin integrity. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] This type of damage is more common in chronic wounds due to exudate composition which differs from fluids produced in acute wounds or burns.
The skin weighs an average of 4 kg (8.8 lb), covers an area of about 2 m 2 (22 sq ft), and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are glabrous skin, the nonhairy skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [16]
Prurigo nodularis (PN), also known as nodular prurigo, is a skin disorder characterized by pruritic , nodular lesions, which commonly appear on the trunk, arms and legs. [1] Patients often present with multiple excoriated nodules caused by chronic scratching.
Dermatophagia differs from excoriation disorder in that the repetitive motion affected persons partake in is the biting of the skin. [9] People who have dermatophagia can also be prone to infection as when they bite their fingers so frequently, they make themselves vulnerable to bacteria seeping in and causing infection.
Excoriated acne is a mild acne accompanied by extensive excoriations caused by the person picking at the pimples (that is, scratching or squeezing them). [1] [2]
Diagramatic representation of mucosal erosion (left), excoriation (center), and ulceration (right) Simplistic representation of the life cycle of mouth ulcers. An ulcer (/ ˈ ʌ l s ər /; from Latin ulcus, "ulcer, sore") [2] is a break in the skin or mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue and the disintegration and necrosis of epithelial tissue. [3]