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Chloric acid is stable in cold aqueous solution up to a concentration of approximately 30%, and solution of up to 40% can be prepared by careful evaporation under reduced pressure. Above these concentrations, chloric acid solutions decompose to give a variety of products, for example: 8 HClO 3 → 4 HClO 4 + 2 H 2 O + 2 Cl 2 + 3 O 2
Chlorates are salts of chloric acid. They contain the (ClO 3 −) anion. The stock naming convention distinguishes four chlorates, based on the oxidation state of the chlorine within the oxyanion. The stock and common names are: Chlorate(I) = Hypochlorite; Chlorate(III) = Chlorite; Chlorate(V) = Chlorate; Chlorate(VII) = Perchlorate
Chlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the formula HClO 2. It is a weak acid. Chlorine has oxidation state +3 in this acid. The pure substance is unstable, disproportionating to hypochlorous acid (Cl oxidation state +1) and chloric acid (Cl oxidation state +5): 2 HClO 2 → HClO + HClO 3
Barium chlorate, Ba(ClO 3) 2, is the barium salt of chloric acid. It is a white crystalline solid, and like all soluble barium compounds, irritant and toxic. It is sometimes used in pyrotechnics to produce a green colour. It also finds use in the production of chloric acid.
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans.
Potassium chlorite is a potassium salt of chlorous acid (HClO 2) having a chemical formula KClO 2. It exists as white powder and its annhydrous form easily undergoes decomposition in presence of heat or radiation (especially gamma rays ).
Potassium chlorate can react with sulfuric acid to form a highly reactive solution of chloric acid and potassium sulfate: 2 KClO 3 + H 2 SO 4 → 2 HClO 3 + K 2 SO 4. The solution so produced is sufficiently reactive that it spontaneously ignites if combustible material (sugar, paper, etc.) is present. Candy being dropped into molten salt
Ammonium chlorate is an inorganic compound with the formula NH 4 ClO 3.. It is obtained by neutralizing chloric acid with either ammonia or ammonium carbonate, or by precipitating barium, strontium or calcium chlorates with ammonium carbonate or ammonium sulfate, producing the respective carbonate or sulfate precipitate and an ammonium chlorate solution.