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Bone mineral (also called inorganic bone phase, bone salt, or bone apatite) is the inorganic component of bone tissue. It gives bones their compressive strength . Bone mineral is formed predominantly from carbonated hydroxyapatite [ 1 ] [ 2 ] with lower crystallinity.
Cancellous bone or spongy bone, [12] [11] also known as trabecular bone, is the internal tissue of the skeletal bone and is an open cell porous network that follows the material properties of biofoams. [13] [14] Cancellous bone has a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio than cortical bone and it is less dense. This makes it weaker and more flexible.
In DXA, bone mineral content (measured as the attenuation of the X-ray by the bones being scanned) is divided by the area (also measured by the machine) of the site being scanned. Because DXA calculates BMD using area (aBMD: areal Bone Mineral Density), it is not an accurate measurement of true bone mineral density, which is mass divided by a ...
A scanner used to measure bone density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.The concept is of mass of mineral per volume of bone (relating to density in the physics sense), although clinically it is measured by proxy according to optical density per square centimetre of bone surface upon imaging. [1]
The mineral ions introduced during remineralisation restore the structure of the hydroxyapatite crystals. [22] If fluoride ions are present during the remineralisation, through water fluoridation or the use of fluoride-containing toothpaste , the stronger and more acid-resistant fluorapatite crystals are formed instead of the hydroxyapatite ...
The stoichiometry of bone mineral basically is that of hydroxyapatite precipitating from phosphate, calcium, and water at a slightly alkaline pH: [29] 6 HPO 2− 4 + 2 H 2 O + 10 Ca 2+ ⇌ Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2 + 8 H + In a closed system as mineral precipitates, acid accumulates, rapidly lowering the pH and stopping further precipitation ...
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Hydroxyapatite, also known as hydroxylapatite, is the major component of tooth enamel and bone mineral. A relatively rare form of apatite in which most of the OH groups are absent and containing many carbonate and acid phosphate substitutions is a large component of bone material. [13]