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Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a disorder arising from a problem in the inner ear. [3] Symptoms are repeated, brief periods of vertigo with movement, characterized by a spinning sensation upon changes in the position of the head. [1] This can occur with turning in bed or changing position. [3]
Tinnitus (ringing in the ears, from mild to severe) is accompanied often by ear pain and a feeling of fullness in the affected ear; usually, the tinnitus is more severe before a spell of vertigo and lessens after the vertigo attack. Attacks are characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation.
Dizziness affects approximately 20–40% of people at some point in time, while about 7.5–10% have vertigo. [3] About 5% have vertigo in a given year. [10] It becomes more common with age and affects women two to three times more often than men. [10] Vertigo accounts for about 2–3% of emergency department visits in the developed world. [10]
Ménière's disease is characterized by episodes of vertigo, worsening hearing loss, and tinnitus. A comprehensive hearing and vestibular evaluation is essential for proper diagnosis of Ménière's.
Cochlear hydrops (or cochlear Meniere's or cochlear endolymphatic hydrops) is a condition of the inner ear involving a pathological increase of fluid affecting the cochlea. This results in swelling that can lead to hearing loss or changes in hearing perception.
In BPPV, the nystagmus typically occurs in A or B only, and is torsional—the fast phase beating toward the lower ear. Its onset is usually delayed a few seconds, and it lasts 10–20 seconds. As the patient is returned to the upright position, transient nystagmus may occur in the opposite direction.
The presence of dehiscence can be detected by a high definition (0.6 mm or less) coronal CT scan of the temporal bone, currently the most reliable way to distinguish between superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) and other conditions of the inner ear involving similar symptoms such as Ménière's disease, perilymphatic fistula and cochlea ...
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - This is the most common cause of vertigo in adults, but it is rarer in children. Unlike BPVC, BPPV is provoked by changes in the head position. [4] Otitis media and Vestibular neuritis - Unlike BPVC, these conditions are both associated with ear pain or fullness, and the vertigo is not episodic. [3]