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The plant produces fruits in the form of hairy legumes each with one seed inside. The flower and leafing pattern is similar to Amorpha fruticosa , however, A. canescens typically only grows to be 1 meter (3 ft 3 in) high and prefers drier habitats whereas A. fruticosa can grow to be 5 or 6 meters (16 or 20 ft) high and lives in wetter areas.
The plants often grow together in crowded colonies and spread by runners at or just under the soil surface. In late summer the plants produce tubers that are twice as long as wide, [9] each typically measuring 0.5 to 5 cm (1 ⁄ 4 to 2 in) in diameter. [8] The plant produces rosettes of leaves and an inflorescence on a long rigid scape.
Root phenotypic plasticity enables plants to adapt to an array of biotic and abiotic constraints that limit plant productivity. Even though the exploitation of soil resources through root activity is energetically costly, natural selection favors plants that can direct root activity to exploit efficiently the heterogeneous distribution of soil ...
The correct environment of air, mineral nutrients and water directs plant roots to grow in any direction to meet the plant's needs. Roots will shy or shrink away from dry [22] or other poor soil conditions. Gravitropism directs roots to grow downward at germination, the growth mechanism of plants that also causes the shoot to grow upward. [23]
The plant grows to a height of up to 1 metre (3 + 1 ⁄ 2 feet), and has a deep root system, sometimes growing to a depth of more than 15 m (49 ft) to reach groundwater. Typically the root system grows to a depth of 2–3 m (7–10 ft) depending on subsoil constraints. [4]
The tap root can be persistent throughout the life of the plant but is most often replaced later in the plant's development by a fibrous root system. [2] [3] A persistent taproot system forms when the radicle keeps growing and smaller lateral roots form along the taproot. The shape of taproots can vary but the typical shapes include:
The main roots are 6–10 ft (1.8–3.0 m) deep, and the plants send out strong, tough rhizomes, so it forms very strong sod. [4] Depending on soil and moisture conditions, it grows to a height of 1–3 m (3.3–9.8 ft). The stem base turns blue or purple as it matures. Big bluestem blooms in the summer and seeds into the fall.
Polemonium reptans is a perennial herbaceous plant native to eastern North America. Common names include spreading Jacob's ladder , creeping Jacob's ladder , false Jacob's ladder , abscess root , American Greek valerian , blue bells , stairway to heaven , and sweatroot .