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The small window of vulnerability in the cardiac electrical cycle explains why it is a rare event. [1] Considering that the total cardiac cycle has a duration of one second (for a base heart rate of 60 beats per minute), the probability of impact trauma within the window of vulnerability is 1–3 percent only. [1]
Researchers have reported a mortality rate of 47% for acute compartment syndrome of the thigh. [63] A study showed the fasciotomy rate for acute compartment syndrome ranges from 2% to 24%. [17] The key factor in acute compartment syndrome is the time to diagnosis and fasciotomy. [26] A missed or late diagnosis may require limb amputation to ...
A lancet or scalpel blade is used to make a shallow incision that is 1 millimeter deep on the underside of the forearm. [5] A standard-sized incision is made around 10 mm long and 1 mm deep. The time from when the incision is made until all bleeding has stopped is measured and is called the bleeding time.
Also, the heart rate should be measured for both positions. A significant increase in heart rate from supine to standing may indicate a compensatory effort by the heart to maintain cardiac output. A related syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), is diagnosed when at least a 30 bpm increase in heart rate occurs with little ...
Beta blockers are considered first-line agents, as they can slow down the heart rate and decrease the likelihood of ectopic beats. For people who cannot tolerate beta blockers, nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers such as verapamil can be used, but are potentially harmful in people who also have low blood pressure or severe shortness of ...
The larger the surgical intervention, the more likely that seromas form. Early or improper removal of sutures can sometimes lead to formation of seroma or discharge of serous fluid from operative areas. Seromas can also sometimes be caused by injury, such as when the initial swelling from a blow or fall does not fully subside.
T wave is considered flat when the wave varies from -1.0 mm to + 1.0 mm in height. Hypokalemia or digitalis therapy can cause flattened T wave with a prominent U wave. As hypokalemia progressively worsens, the T wave becomes more flattened while the U wave becomes more prominent, with progressively deeper ST segment depression.
An exploratory laparotomy is a general surgical operation where the abdomen is opened and the abdominal organs are examined for injury or disease. It is the standard of care in various blunt and penetrating trauma situations in which there may be life-threatening internal injuries.