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Pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5) is a B vitamin and an essential nutrient. [6] All animals need pantothenic acid in order to synthesize coenzyme A (CoA), which is essential for cellular energy production and for the synthesis and degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. [6] [7] Pantothenic acid is the combination of pantoic acid and β ...
Pantothenic acid is involved in the oxidation of fatty acids and carbohydrates. Coenzyme A, which can be synthesised from pantothenic acid, is involved in the synthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, ketone bodies, cholesterol, [15] [better source needed] phospholipids, steroid hormones, neurotransmitters (such as acetylcholine), and antibodies. [16]
Vitamin B 5 (pantothenic acid) Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamin B 7 ; Vitamin B 9 (folic acid and folates) Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamin C (ascorbic acid and ascorbates) Vitamin D (calciferols) Vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols) Vitamin K (phylloquinones, menaquinones, and menadiones) Some sources include a fourteenth, choline. [6]
The SMVT is a transporter for pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and biotin (vitamin B7) at the blood–brain barrier. [8] It is also a transporter for lipoic acid [9] and iodide. Transport of these nutrients is competitive [10] and a surplus of a given nutrient may saturate the transporter and prevent the uptake of other nutrients.
A 100-gram (3 + 1 ⁄ 2-ounce) reference serving of uncooked amaranth grain provides 1,550 kilojoules (371 kilocalories) of food energy, and is a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of protein, dietary fiber, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, folate, and several dietary minerals (table).
The complex consists of: thiamine (B 1), riboflavin (B 2), niacin (B 3), pantothenic acid (B 5), pyridoxin (B 6), folic acid (B 9), cobalamin (B 12), and biotin. [18] B vitamins are not synthesized in the body, and thus need to be obtained from food. B-complex vitamins are water-soluble vitamins, which means that they are not stored within the ...
Some dietitians recommend that these be supplied from foods in which they occur naturally, or at least as complex compounds, or sometimes even from natural inorganic sources (such as calcium carbonate from ground oyster shells). Some are absorbed much more readily in the ionic forms found in such sources.
However, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics considers plant and algae sources "unreliable", stating that vegans should turn to fortified foods and supplements instead. [35] Natural plant and algae sources of vitamin B 12 include fermented plant foods such as tempeh [81] [82] and seaweed-derived foods such as nori and laverbread.
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