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In computer science, type conversion, [1] [2] type casting, [1] [3] type coercion, [3] and type juggling [4] [5] are different ways of changing an expression from one data type to another. An example would be the conversion of an integer value into a floating point value or its textual representation as a string , and vice versa.
newton per coulomb (N⋅C −1), or equivalently, volt per meter (V⋅m −1) energy: joule (J) Young's modulus: pascal (Pa) or newton per square meter (N/m 2) eccentricity: unitless Euler's number (2.71828, base of the natural logarithm) unitless electron: unitless elementary charge: coulomb (C) force
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Generally, the ray casting algorithm is a better alternative to the PIP problem as it does not require trigonometric functions, contrary to the winding number algorithm. Nevertheless, the winding number algorithm can be sped up so that it too, does not require calculations involving trigonometric functions. [ 10 ]
In class-based programming, downcasting, or type refinement, is the act of casting a base or parent class reference, to a more restricted derived class reference. [1] This is only allowable if the object is already an instance of the derived class, and so this conversion is inherently fallible.
The Chipmunk physics engine (written in C) [19] and Phys2D (written in Java) [20] are both partially based on Box2D Lite. The physics engine used in SpriteKit for iOS and OS X uses Box2D internally. [21] The LiquidFun physics engine is a fork of Box2D by Google, [22] which adds fluid simulation to the engine.
ISBN 978-1-4516-2445-8. Kumar, Manjit (2009). Quantum : Einstein, Bohr, and the great debate about the nature of reality. Gurgaon: Hachette India. ISBN 978-93-80143-10-1. Lewin, Walter; Warren Goldstein. For the love of physics : from the end of the rainbow to the edge of time-- a journey through the wonders of physics (1st Free Press hardcover ...
In recent decades symplectic integrator in plasma physics has become an active research topic, [9] because straightforward applications of the standard symplectic methods do not suit the need of large-scale plasma simulations enabled by the peta- to exa-scale computing hardware. Special symplectic algorithms need to be customarily designed ...