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The first recorded knockout mouse was created by Mario R. Capecchi, Martin Evans, and Oliver Smithies in 1989, for which they were awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Aspects of the technology for generating knockout mice, and the mice themselves have been patented in many countries by private companies.
A knockout mouse (left) that is a model of obesity, compared with a normal mouse. Knockouts are primarily used to understand the role of a specific gene or DNA region by comparing the knockout organism to a wildtype with a similar genetic background. [citation needed]
A MARCH1 knockout mouse shows accumulation of MHC II, which leads to reduced CD4 + T lymphocyte activation and reduced IL-12 production. [17] Conversely, a CD83 knockout mouse shows a reduction of MHC II and CD86 , better response to bacterial infection, and higher production of IL-12 than in the wild type.
Conditional gene knockout is a technique used to eliminate a specific gene in a certain tissue, such as the liver. [1] [2] This technique is useful to study the role of individual genes in living organisms. It differs from traditional gene knockout because it targets specific genes at specific times rather than being deleted from beginning of life.
Tbx20 knockout mouse embryos die at around or before E10.5 with hypoplastic hearts. [5] [6] [7] [8]This gene has been implicated in coordinating cardiac proliferation, regional specification [5] and formation of the cardiac chamber [6] [7] [8] Congenital heart diseases involving TBX20 include defects in septation, chamber growth and valvulogenesis [10] [11] and increased Tbx20 expression was ...
The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) is an international scientific endeavour to create and characterize the phenotype of 20,000 knockout mouse strains. [1] [2] [3] Launched in September 2011, [1] the consortium consists of over 15 research institutes across four continents with funding provided by the NIH, European national governments and the partner institutions.
The entire library is intended to mutate 13,000 genes in total. Of these 13000 mutant genes, 8000 mutations in mouse ES Cells are 'targeted': that is, the mutation which knocks out gene function is inserted precisely into the genome. The remaining 5000 mutations are derived from 'gene-traps'.
The use of FOXO3a knockout mice has revealed a diverse range of functions in both health and disease, namely infertility, lymphoproliferation, adenoma, organ inflammation, metabolism etc.; yet despite the purported importance of FOXO transcription factors in aging, FOXO3A knockout mice do not show an obvious shortening of lifespan or ...
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