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The French anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who was a staunch critic of Christianity, embraced Satan as a symbol of liberty in several of his writings. [136] Another prominent 19th century anarchist, the Russian Mikhail Bakunin , similarly described the figure of Satan as "the eternal rebel, the first freethinker and the emancipator of worlds ...
The right image is the same sigil in cuneiform from the Joy of Satan Ministries, a recreation of the sigil of Baphomet incorporated with cuneiform lettering instead of Hebrew to spell out "Satan", and made after Maxine Dietrich's reinterpretation of the ideology of spiritual Satanism. Sigillum Dei (Seal of God) Europe, late Middle Ages
Balaam and the Angel (1836) by Gustav Jäger.The angel in this incident is referred to as a "satan". [7]The Hebrew term śāṭān (Hebrew: שָׂטָן) is a generic noun meaning "accuser" or "adversary", [8] [9] and is derived from a verb meaning primarily "to obstruct, oppose". [10]
The Satanic Bible is a collection of essays, observations, and rituals published by Anton LaVey in 1969. It is the central religious text of LaVeyan Satanism, and is considered the foundation of its philosophy and dogma. [1]
The term occultism emerged in 19th-century France, where it came to be associated with various French esoteric groups connected to Éliphas Lévi and Papus, and in 1875 was introduced into the English language by the esotericist Helena Blavatsky.
The actual image of a goat in a downward-pointing pentagram first appeared in the 1897 book La Clef de la Magie Noire, written by the French occultist Stanislas de Guaita. [1] [28] It was this image that was later adopted as the official symbol—called the Sigil of Baphomet—of the Church of Satan, and continues to be used among Satanists. [74]
A satan is involved in King David's census and Christian teachings about this satan varies, just as the pre-exilic account of 2 Samuel and the later account of 1 Chronicles present differing perspectives: And again the anger of the L ORD was kindled against Israel, and He moved David against them, saying: 'Go, number Israel and Judah.'
Ambrose Bierce's book of satirical definitions The Devil's Dictionary has acquired an international reputation as an entertaining and important work of satire, and so has been translated from its original American English into other languages many times.