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Where V srm is the max wind speed corrected for storm speed, phi is the latitude, and S is the size parameter. [5] S is more specifically defined as the ratio of tangential wind at a radius of 500 kilometres (310 mi) to its value under a Rankine vortex model. [6]
The power law is often used in wind power assessments [4] [5] where wind speeds at the height of a turbine ( 50 metres) must be estimated from near surface wind observations (~10 metres), or where wind speed data at various heights must be adjusted to a standard height [6] prior to use.
The fastest wind speed not related to tornadoes ever recorded was during the passage of Tropical Cyclone Olivia on 10 April 1996: an automatic weather station on Barrow Island, Australia, registered a maximum wind gust of 113.3 m/s (408 km/h; 253 mph; 220.2 kn; 372 ft/s) [6] [7] The wind gust was evaluated by the WMO Evaluation Panel, who found ...
Roughness length is a parameter of some vertical wind profile equations that model the horizontal mean wind speed near the ground. In the log wind profile, it is equivalent to the height at which the wind speed theoretically becomes zero in the absence of wind-slowing obstacles and under neutral conditions. In reality, the wind at this height ...
In most tropical cyclone basins, use of the satellite-based Dvorak technique is the primary method used to estimate a tropical cyclone's maximum sustained winds. [5] The extent of spiral banding and difference in temperature between the eye and eyewall is used within the technique to assign a maximum sustained wind and pressure. [6]
A wind speed gradient of 4 (m/s)/km can produce refraction equal to a typical temperature lapse rate of 7.5 °C/km. [51] Higher values of wind gradient will refract sound downward toward the surface in the downwind direction, [52] eliminating the acoustic shadow on the downwind side. This will increase the audibility of sounds downwind.
When estimating wind loads on structures the terrains may be described as suburban or dense urban, for which the ranges are typically 0.1-0.5 m and 1-5 m respectively. [2] In order to estimate the mean wind speed at one height based on that at another (), the formula would be rearranged, [2]
In high wind speed, where the turbine is operating at its rated power, the turbine rotates (pitches) its blades to lower C P to protect itself from damage. The power in the wind increases by a factor of 8 from 12.5 to 25 m/s, so C P must fall accordingly, getting as low as 0.06 for winds of 25 m/s.