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Shenzhou (Chinese: 神舟; pinyin: Shénzhōu, / ˈ ʃ ɛ n ˈ dʒ oʊ /; [2] see § Etymology) is a Chinese spacecraft developed for the nation's crewed space program.Its design was based on Russia's Soyuz, but larger and modernized, Shenzhou is a single-use vehicle composed of three modules.
Tiangong (Chinese: 天宫; pinyin: Tiāngōng; lit. 'Heavenly Palace'), [5] [6] officially the Tiangong space station [7] (Chinese: 天宫空间站; pinyin: Tiāngōng kōngjiānzhàn), is a permanently crewed space station constructed by China and operated by China Manned Space Agency. [8]
The next crewed space program was even more ambitious and was proposed in March 1986 as Project 863. This consisted of a crewed spacecraft (Project 863–204) used to ferry astronaut crews to a space station (Project 863–205). Several spaceplane designs were rejected two years later and a simpler space capsule was chosen instead.
Tiangong-1 (Chinese: 天宫一号; pinyin: Tiāngōng yīhào; lit. 'Heavenly Palace 1" or "Celestial Palace 1') was China's first prototype space station. [9] It orbited Earth from September 2011 to April 2018, serving as both a crewed laboratory and an experimental testbed to demonstrate orbital rendezvous and docking capabilities during its two years of active operational life.
Diagram of the next generation crewed spacecraft tested in 2020. Intended to replace the Shenzhou spacecraft, the new vehicle is larger and lunar-capable. It consists of two modules: a crew module that returns to Earth, and an expendable service module to provide propulsion, power and life support for the crew module while in space. [11]
Tiangong-2 (Chinese: 天 宫 二 号; pinyin: Tiāngōng èrhào; lit. 'Heavenly Palace 2') was a Chinese space laboratory and part of the Project 921-2 space station program. Tiangong-2 was launched on 15 September 2016. [7] It was deorbited as planned on 19 July 2019. [8]
The Laboratory Cabin Modules (LCM) (Chinese: 实验舱) are components of the Tiangong space station.Based on the Tiangong-2 experimental space module, the LCMs complete the third and final stage of Project 921, the CNSA's program to establish a permanent Chinese space station.
The space program of the People's Republic of China is about the activities in outer space conducted and directed by the People's Republic of China.The roots of the Chinese space program trace back to the 1950s, when, with the help of the newly allied Soviet Union, China began development of its first ballistic missile and rocket programs in response to the perceived American (and, later ...