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The 35-hour workweek is a labour reform policy adopted in France in February 2000, under Prime Minister Lionel Jospin's Plural Left government. Promoted by Minister of Labour Martine Aubry, it was adopted in two phases: the Aubry 1 law in June 1998 and the Aubry 2 law in January 2000.
As a consequence workers do not just commute from the suburbs to work in the city of Paris, but also come from the city of Paris to work in the suburbs. Of the 5,416,643 persons employed in the Paris Region in the end of 2005, only 1,653,551 (30.5%) worked inside the city of Paris proper, while 3,763,092 (69.5%) worked in the suburbs. However ...
Paris (French pronunciation: ⓘ) is the capital and largest city of France.With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 [3] in an area of more than 105 km 2 (41 sq mi), [4] Paris is the fourth-most populous city in the European Union, the ninth-most populous city in Europe and the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. [5]
A map of the arrondissements of Paris. Paris has been a commune (municipality) since 1834, and briefly between 1790 and 1795. At the 1790 division, during the French Revolution, of France into communes, and again in 1834, Paris was a city only half its modern size, composed of 12 arrondissements.
Ministers (French: Ministres) are senior ministers and are members of the Council of Ministers. They lead government ministries. Secretaries of state (French: secrétaires d'État) are junior ministers. This is the lowest rank in the French ministerial hierarchy. Secretaries work directly under a minister, or sometimes directly under the prime ...
In the middle of the 19th century, the centre of Paris was viewed as overcrowded, dark, dangerous, and unhealthy. In 1845, the French social reformer Victor Considerant wrote: "Paris is an immense workshop of putrefaction, where misery, pestilence and sickness work in concert, where sunlight and air rarely penetrate.
The Paris Commune (French: Commune de Paris, pronounced [kɔ.myn də pa.ʁi]) was a French revolutionary government that seized power in Paris on 18 March 1871 and controlled parts of the city until 28 May 1871. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the French National Guard had defended Paris, and working-class radicalism grew among its ...
In Paris, French men and women being chosen for work in Germany Departure of STO workers from the Paris-Nord station in 1943. The Service du travail obligatoire (STO; lit. ' compulsory work service ') was the forced enlistment and deportation of hundreds of thousands of French workers to Nazi Germany to work as forced labour for the German war effort during World War II.