Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The largest Antarctic ozone hole recorded (September 2006) 2012 retrospective video by NASA on the Montreal Protocol The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer [2] is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.
Because the Protocol was created in the 1980s and countries economic situations have changed, the Kigali Amendment created three updated groups for compliance with the additional terms. [ 18 ] The first group, which includes the "old" industrialized countries, is committed to reducing the use of HFCs by 45% by 2024 and by 85% by 2036, compared ...
Stephen Oliver Andersen (born 17 January 1948) is the Director of Research at the Institute for Governance & Sustainable Development (IGSD) [1] and former co-chair (1989–2012) [2] of the Montreal Protocol Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) where he also chaired and co-chaired Technical Options Committees, Task Forces and Special Reports.
Similar to the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, it establishes a centralized program to trade GHG emission reductions between countries, supervised by a UNFCCC supervisory board. Countries, companies, and individuals can buy Emission Reduction (ER) credits purchased under this program.
English: A retrospective video on the Montreal Protocol.The video about the policy documents the collaboration between policy-makers, scientists, and industry leaders to regulate CFCs to protect humans from further ozone depletion and the ozone hole, a rare case of successful international environmental policy.
The Protocol makes it an offence to commit similarly violent, dangerous, or damaging acts in airports that serve civil aviation. The Protocol came into force on 6 August 1989 and as of October 2022 has been ratified by 176 states, which includes 174 UN member states plus the Cook Islands and Niue .
Developing countries must also phase out the listed ozone-depleting substances, but they are on a longer time-frame for the phaseout. Take a look at link UNEP's Article 5 Parties . Most countries on the list would be regarded as developing by most people, but the are some that many people would regard as developed.
Tax basis of property received by a U.S. person by gift is the donor's tax basis of the property. If the fair market value of the property exceeded this tax basis and the donor paid gift tax, the tax basis is increased by the gift tax. This adjustment applies only if the recipient sells the property at a gain. [7]