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Gravitational collapse of a massive star, resulting in a Type II supernova. Gravitational collapse is the contraction of an astronomical object due to the influence of its own gravity, which tends to draw matter inward toward the center of gravity. [1] Gravitational collapse is a fundamental mechanism for structure formation in the universe.
When the core's mass exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit of about 1.4 M ☉, degeneracy pressure can no longer support it, and catastrophic collapse ensues. [10] The outer part of the core reaches velocities of up to 70 000 km/s (23% of the speed of light) as it collapses toward the center of the star. [11]
The Type Ib supernova SN 2008D [1] [2] in galaxy NGC 2770, shown in X-ray (left) and visible light (right), at the corresponding positions of the images. (NASA image.) [3]Type Ib and Type Ic supernovae are categories of supernovae that are caused by the stellar core collapse of massive stars.
These super-AGB stars may form the majority of core collapse supernovae, although less luminous and so less commonly observed than those from more massive progenitors. [118] If core collapse occurs during a supergiant phase when the star still has a hydrogen envelope, the result is a type II supernova. [121]
Venus’ core is believed to be iron-nickel, similarly to Earth. Mars, on the other hand, is believed to have an iron-sulfur core and is separated into an outer liquid layer around an inner solid core. [20] As the orbital radius of a rocky planet increases, the size of the core relative to the total radius of the planet decreases. [15]
Core collapse can refer to: The collapse of the stellar core of a massive star, such as the core collapse that produces a supernova; Core collapse (cluster) ...
The possibility of direct collapse into black holes of stars with core mass > 133 M ☉, requiring total stellar mass of > 260 M ☉ has been considered, but there may be little chance of observing such a high-mass supernova remnant; i.e., the lower bound of the upper mass gap may represent a mass cutoff. [11]
Once a star has converted all the hydrogen in its core into helium, the core is no longer able to support itself and begins to collapse. It heats up and becomes hot enough for hydrogen in a shell outside the core to start fusion. The core continues to collapse and the outer layers of the star expand. At this stage, the star is a subgiant. Very ...