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In neuroscience and psychology, the term language center refers collectively to the areas of the brain which serve a particular function for speech processing and production. [1] Language is a core system that gives humans the capacity to solve difficult problems and provides them with a unique type of social interaction . [ 2 ]
There are obvious patterns for utilizing and processing language. In sign language, Broca’s area is activated while processing sign language employs Wernicke’s area similar to that of spoken language. [205] There have been other hypotheses about the lateralization of the two hemispheres.
Some people may use the right hemisphere for language, and isolated damage of Wernicke's area cortex (sparing white matter and other areas) may not cause severe receptive aphasia. [5] [23] Even when patients with Wernicke's area lesions have comprehension deficits, these are usually not restricted to language processing alone.
Although both sides of the hemisphere has different responsibilities and tasks, they both complete each other and create a bigger picture. [21] Lateral brain damage can also affect visual perceptual spatial resolution. People with left hemisphere damage may have impaired perception of high resolution, or detailed, aspects of an image.
Most language processing takes place in Broca's area usually in the left hemisphere. [9] Damage to this region often results in a type of non-fluent aphasia known as Broca's aphasia. Broca's area is made up of the pars opercularis and the pars triangularis, both of which contribute to verbal fluency, but each has its own specific contribution.
Neuroscience of multilingualism is the study of multilingualism within the field of neurology.These studies include the representation of different language systems in the brain, the effects of multilingualism on the brain's structural plasticity, aphasia in multilingual individuals, and bimodal bilinguals (people who can speak at least one sign language and at least one oral language).
Functional imaging studies on the cerebral correlates of language production also suggest that the anterior insula forms part of the brain network of speech motor control. [16] Moreover, electrical stimulation of the posterior insular can evoke speech disturbances such as speech arrest and reduced voice intensity.
Many language studies, particularly in fMRI, use the subtraction paradigm, [41] in which brain activation in a task thought to involve some aspect of language processing is compared against activation in a baseline task thought to involve similar non-linguistic processes but not to involve the linguistic process.