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To keep up with trade, ship building increased as well. Italian city-states like Venice constructed ships like the galley. By the thirteenth century there were galleys that could carry up to 500 metric tons (490 long tons; 550 short tons) of cargo and was about 40 metres (130 ft) long. [18]
In April 2022, a 13th-century cog was found in Tallinn, Estonia during highway construction. It is believed to be better preserved than the Bremen cog and a dendrochronology test on the wood has dated the wreck to 1298. The ship is 24 meters long and nine meters wide. The boards are intact up to three meters from the bottom of the ship. [31]
Roccafortis was built in Venice (some sources say at the Venetian Arsenal) in the mid 13th-century.She was laid down as a round ship, and was often outfitted for war.The exact role of the ship is disputed; some sources note the ship was used to defend Venice's Levant trade, and she has been placed [1] [2] at the Battle of Saseno in 1264 between the Venetian and Genoese navies.
During the 13th and 14th century, the galley evolved into the design that was to remain essentially the same until it was phased out in the early 19th century. The new type descended from the ships used by Byzantine and Muslim fleets in the Early Middle Ages.
The cog, a "round ship" designed to cope with the rough waters of the North Sea, the hulls of Venetian built cogs had a pronounced teardrop shape, with a narrow bow mounting a high forecastle. Alongside the naval squadrons that operated at sea, at least from the mid-13th century Venice began to deploy military fleets along the Po.
A portolan nautical chart of the Mediterranean Sea, second quarter of the 14th century. Kept in the Library of Congress , where it is the oldest original cartographic artifact. Portolan charts are nautical charts , first made in the 13th century in the Mediterranean basin and later expanded to include other regions.
But the change to trireme produced more significant developments than a gain in tactical speed over short distances. Early bireme galleys escorted merchant ships but were rarely used to carry goods. A few Genoese freight contracts of the mid-13th century record charters for bireme galleys. [6]
At the same time, however, the then megas doux, Michael Stryphnos, was accused by Niketas Choniates of enriching himself by selling off the equipment of the imperial fleet, [141] [146] while by the early 13th century the authority of the central government had weakened to such an extent that various local potentates began seizing power in the ...