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Acute respiratory acidosis occurs when an abrupt failure of ventilation occurs. This failure in ventilation may be caused by depression of the central respiratory center by cerebral disease or drugs, inability to ventilate adequately due to neuromuscular disease (e.g., myasthenia gravis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, muscular dystrophy), or airway obstruction ...
Sepsis is defined as SIRS in response to an infectious process. [48] Severe sepsis is defined as sepsis with sepsis-induced organ dysfunction or tissue hypoperfusion (manifesting as hypotension, elevated lactate, or decreased urine output). Severe sepsis is an infectious disease state associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) [9]
Monitoring the level of carbon dioxide in neonatal infants to ensure that the level is not too high (hypercarbia) or too low is important for improving outcomes for neonates in intensive care. [4] Carbon dioxide can be monitored by taking a blood sample ( arterial blood gas ), through the breath ( exhalation ), and it can be measured ...
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide, along with the pH, can be used to differentiate between metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis. Hypoventilation exists when the ratio of carbon dioxide production to alveolar ventilation increases above normal values – greater than 45mmHg.
What are sepsis and septic shock? Sepsis is the body’s extreme reaction to an infection, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Bacterial infections are the most ...
Respiratory alkalosis is a medical condition in which increased respiration elevates the blood pH beyond the normal range (7.35–7.45) with a concurrent reduction in arterial levels of carbon dioxide. [1] [4] This condition is one of the four primary disturbances of acid–base homeostasis. [5]
Excretion of carbon dioxide is also impaired, but a rise in the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO 2) is very uncommon because this leads to respiratory stimulation and the resultant increase in alveolar ventilation returns paCO 2 to within the normal range.
Tachypnea (high respiratory rate), with greater than 20 breaths per minute; or, an arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide less than 4.3 kPa (32 mmHg) White blood cell count less than 4000 cells/mm³ (4 x 10 9 cells/L) or greater than 12,000 cells/mm³ (12 x 10 9 cells/L); or the presence of greater than 10% immature neutrophils (band forms).