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Epiglottitis was historically mostly caused by infection by H. influenzae type b (commonly referred to as "Hib"). [1] With vaccination, it is now more often caused by other bacteria, most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Staphylococcus aureus. [1] Predisposing factors include burns and trauma to the area. [1]
Without involving the nose, pharyngitis inflames the pharynx, hypopharynx, uvula, and tonsils. Similarly, epiglottitis (supraglottitis) inflames the superior portion of the larynx and supraglottic area; laryngitis is in the larynx; laryngotracheitis is in the larynx, trachea, and subglottic area; and tracheitis is in the trachea and subglottic ...
Children are at an increased risk for progression to severe respiratory disease if they have any of the following additional risk factors: [8] [9] [13] [14] Preterm infant (gestational age less than 37 weeks) Younger age at onset of illness (less than 3 months of age) Congenital heart disease; Immunodeficiency; Chronic lung disease ...
The epiglottis is made of elastic cartilage covered with a mucous membrane, attached to the entrance of the larynx. It projects upwards and backwards behind the tongue and the hyoid bone. The epiglottis may be inflamed in a condition called epiglottitis, which is most commonly due to the vaccine-preventable bacterium Haemophilus influenzae.
Risk factors: Streptococcal pharyngitis [1] Diagnostic method: Based on the symptoms [1] Differential diagnosis: Retropharyngeal abscess, infectious mononucleosis, epiglottitis, cancer [1] Treatment: Remove pus, antibiotics, fluids, pain medication, steroids [1] Frequency ~3 per 10,000 per year (USA) [1]
The main risk factor is prematurity with the likelihood of it occurring going up to 71% in infants under 750g. [19] Other risk factors include infant of a diabetic mother (IDM), method of delivery, fetal asphyxia, genetics, prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM), maternal toxemia, chorioamnionitis, and male sex. The widely accepted ...
The most significant risk factors for the disease are infection with adenovirus and the need for ventilator support. [33] In contrast with another cause of bronchiolitis obliterans in children, Steven's Johnson's syndrome , post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans tends to be a chronic but non-progressive disease. [ 31 ]
NPPE develops as a result of significant negative pressure generated in the chest cavity by inspiration against an upper airway obstruction. These negative pressures in the chest lead to increase venous supply to the right side of the heart while simultaneously creating more resistance for the left side of the heart to supply blood to the rest of the body (). [4]